Automatic feeding belt conveyor

Loading and transferring materials with belt conveyors is one of the most important and complex transportation tasks. Research has shown that on widely used medium-distance conveyors (with a length of less than 260m), the service life of the conveyor belt mainly depends on the structure of the feeding device. To reduce the wear of the conveyor belt, a series of requirements are proposed for the feeding device. The speed and direction of the material fed onto the conveyor belt should be approximately consistent with the belt speed, and the material should be fed in alignment with the center of the conveyor belt to ensure even distribution on the belt. Material accumulation and scattering at the loading point are not allowed, and material flow should be formed inside the feeding device rather than on the conveyor belt. It is advisable to avoid setting a barrier plate immediately behind the loading facility that is close to the conveyor belt, to minimize the drop height of the material, especially to prevent large pieces of material from falling directly onto the conveyor belt from a high height. When the physical and mechanical properties of the conveyed material change or the usage conditions change, it is necessary to have the possibility to adjust the speed of the material, with good passing performance, especially when conveying strongly viscous materials to ensure no blockage, compact structure, reliable operation, good wear resistance, and so on.
When transporting materials with large lumps, the feeding device should have the possibility to first unload fine pieces and powdered materials onto the conveyor belt to form a cushion, and then load the lump ore to prevent large lumps of ore from directly impacting the conveyor belt. When conveying large materials with strong abrasiveness and sharp edges, the receiving section of the conveyor should be arranged horizontally. When the conveyor loads at an inclined section, the material is prone to turbulence before reaching the belt speed. To prevent material scattering, a high and long baffle must be installed. The width of the feeding hopper should not be greater than 23% of the conveyor belt width. On the other hand, to prevent the hopper from being blocked, its width should be set as follows: when conveying screened materials, it should not be less than 2.5 to 3 times the maximum lump size; when transporting unscreened materials, it can be taken as twice the maximum lump size.
The layout of the aprons in the loading section is as follows: Before the material leaves the feeding hopper and reaches the belt speed, it must be kept on the conveyor belt by the aprons. In fact, the apron is an extension of the side plate of the feeding hopper along the direction of the conveyor. To prevent block-shaped materials from getting stuck between the aprons, the two aprons are usually not arranged parallel to each other but are arranged to expand forward. The lower edge of the rear apron is curved rather than straight. When arranging the aprons for the intermediate loading points, it is necessary to consider that the material fed onto the conveyor belt from the previous loading points can pass smoothly. When the distance between the intermediate loading points is relatively close, to avoid material scattering, it is best to arrange continuous aprons. To prevent material from sliding out from the gap between the lower edge of the apron and the moving conveyor belt, a hard rubber surface with a thickness of 8mm~16mm for sealing should be embedded on the outside of the apron.
The length of the blocking boards increases as the difference between the speed of the material on the conveyor belt and the belt speed increases. The maximum spacing between blocking boards is usually taken as 2/3 of the width of the trough conveyor belt. When conveying materials with good fluidity, it is best to reduce the spacing between blocking boards to 1/2 of the width of the trough conveyor belt.